The Apulian Romanesque Architecture began between the 11th and the 13th century and was particularly affected by Byzantine and Arab aspects because of its natural geographical position turned towards the East, that made the region a crossway of flow of pilgrims from and to the Holy Land.
The Romanesque Art developed in Puglia when it was conquered by the Normans; it was a period of renovation, economic growth, cultural enrichment, and architecture was inspired by Norman style with imposing buildings, as if to recall a fortress, and vertical dimension.
The most magnificent Apulian Romanesque churches were built during that time:
1) Basilica di San Nicola in Bari, is considered the prototype of the Apulian Romanesque style.
It was realized in 1087 to host some of the relics of Saint Nicholas, which had been taken away from the city of Myra in Turkey by a group of seamen of Bari. The church has a solid and impressive structure like a military castle, also emphasised by the massive bell towers on the side.
2) Dome of Bitonto is one of the best expression and masterpiece of the Apulian Romanesque.
The facade is characterized by the main portal which is richly decorated with an arch topped by a pelican, symbol of the Eucharist of Jesus Christ, who sacrifices himself for the sake of the world. The lunette is sculpted with scenes from the Old and New Testament. The rose window is surrounded by lions perched on columns and a sphinx on the top.
3) Cathedral of Ruvo di Puglia is an important example of the Romanesque Architecture in Apulia.
It has a typical sloped Romanesque facade with a the central portal enclosed between two lions, guarding the entrance of the church, which are bearing gryphons on columns.
4) Trani Cathedral: located in a panoramic position on the sea, the Cathedral dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Pilgrim is one of the most beautiful Romanesque churches of Puglia.
Built in different stages of construction on three levels, it has been designated as messenger monument of a Unesco culture of peace.
viaggieitinerari... in Puglia by Valeria Dicarlo 